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Encyclopedia of Religion entry for
Abbasides
Arabic al Abbasiyah Thirty-seven Khalifahs of the Abbaside dynasty reigned over the Muhammadan empire,extending over the period from A.H. 132 (A.D.749-50) to A.H. 656 (A.D. 1258). The names of the Abbaside Khalifahs are:--Adu ‘l-Abbas as-Saffah (A.D. 749), al-Mansur(A.D.754), al-Mahdi (A.D. 775), al-Hadi (A.D.785), Harun ar-Rashid (A.D. 786), al-Amin(A.D. 809), al-Mamun (A.D.. 815), al-Mu ‘tasm(A.D. 883), al-Wasiq (A.D. 842), al-Mutawakkil(A.D. 847), al-Mutasir (A.D.861), al-Musta ‘in(A.D. 862), al-Mu ‘taaz (A.D. 866), al-Mabtadi(A.D. 869), al-Mu ‘tamid (A.D. 870), al-Mu ‘tazid(A.D. 892) al-Muktafi (A.D. 902), al-Muqtadir,(A.D. 908), al-Qahir (A.D. 932), ar-Razi (A.D.934), al-Muttaqi (A.D. 940), al-Mustaqfi (A.D.944), al-Muti ‘ (A.D. 945), at-Tai (A.D.974).al-Qadir (A.D.. 994), al-Qaim (A.D. 1081), alMuqtadi (A.D. 1075), al-Mustazhir (A.D. 1094).al-Mustarshid (A.D. 1118), ar-Rishid (A.D.1135), al-Muqtafi (A.D. 1136), al-Mustanjid(A.D. 1160), al-Mustazi, (A.D. 1170), an-Nasir(A.D. 1180), az-Zahir (A.D. 1225), al-Mustanair(A.D. 1226), al-Musta ‘sim (A.D. 1242 to A.D.1258). In the reign of al-Musta ‘sim Hulaku, grandson of Jingiz Khan, entered Persia andbecame Sultan A.D. 1266. In 1258 he tookBaghdad and put the Kahlifah al Musta ‘sim to death. [KHALIFAH] 
The name of a dynasty ofKalifahs descended from al- ‘Abbas, the sonof ‘Abdu ‘l-Muttalib, and a paternal uncle ofMuhammad. On account of their descentfrom so near a relation of the Prophet, - theAbbasides had, ever since the introduction ofIslam, been very high in esteem amongst theArabs, and had at an early period begun toexcite the jealousy of the Umaiyade Khalifahs,who after the defeat of ‘Ali occupied thethrone of the Arabian Empire, The Abbasides had for some time asserted their claimsto the Khalifate, and in A.D. 746 they commenced open hostilities. In 749 the AbbasideKhalifah Abu ‘l- ‘Abbas, surnamed as-Saffah,"the blood-shedder," was recognized as Khalifahat al-Kalifah, and Marwin II., the last ofthe Umaiyade Khalifahs, was defeated andslain.
citations: Dictionary of Islam, Hughes
article created 2006-04-12 , last updated 2006-04-12
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