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Encyclopedia of Religion entry forCamaldulesAn Order founded by Romualdus of Ravenna (950-1027). After establishing a number of monastic communities in different places, he established one at Campus Maldoli (Camaldoli) in the Apennines. This establishment, the Hermitage of Camaldoli, be-came the center of his movement. In 1072 " there existed an order of Camaldules, not as a reformed branch of the order of the Benedictines, but as an independent association of anchorets. The prior was called ` major.‘ The members lived in separate huts, where they slept and ate. At certain hours they met in the prayer house, and recited (not sang) the liturgy. They fasted often. Bread and water was their common diet: meat was not allowed. But the principal command was silence " (Schaff-Herzog). In course of time a monastery was built at Fontebuono in the neighborhood of the Hermitage, and other monasteries arose in various places (in Venice, for instance) in place of hermitages. The severity of the original rule had been somewhat mitigated by Rudolph, the fourth major, in 1102, who introduced a common table and other changes. The Camaldules were abolished in Austria in 1782, and afterwards in France and Italy. In Naples, however, they were restored in 1822. See Schaff-Herzog; the Cath. Dict. citations: Encyc. of Rel., Canney
article created 2006-04-12 , last updated 2006-04-12 |
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